Title | Soluble factors secreted by differentiating embryonic stem cells stimulate exogenous cell proliferation and migration. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Authors | Ngangan, AV, Waring, JC, Cooke, MT, Mandrycky, CJ, McDevitt, TC |
Journal | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
Date Published | 2014 |
ISSN | 1757-6512 |
Abstract | INTRODUCTION: Stem cells are being investigated as catalysts of tissue regeneration to either directly replace or promote cellularity lost as a result of traumatic injury or degenerative disease. In many reports, despite low numbers of stably integrated cells, the transient presence of cells delivered or recruited to sites of tissue remodeling globally benefits functional recovery. Such findings have motivated the need to determine how paracrine factors secreted from transplanted cells may be capable of positively impacting endogenous repair processes and somatic cell responses. METHODS: Embryonic stem cells were differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and media conditioned by EBs were collected at different intervals of time. Gene and protein expression analysis of several different growth factors secreted by EBs were examined by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, respectively, as a function of time. The proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells treated with EB conditioned media was examined compared with unconditioned and growth media controls. RESULTS: The expression of several growth factors, including bone morphogenic protein-4, insulin-like growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factor-A, increased during the course of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation as EBs. Conditioned media collected from EBs at different stages of differentiation stimulated proliferation and migration of both fibroblasts and endothelial cells, based on 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and transwell assays, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results demonstrate that differentiating ESCs express increasing amounts of various growth factors over time that altogether are capable of stimulating mitogenic and motogenic activity of exogenous cell populations. |
DOI | 10.1186/scrt415 |
Alternate Journal | Stem Cell Res Ther |
PubMed ID | 24564947 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4055104 |
Grant List | T32 GM00843321 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States R21 EB007316 / EB / NIBIB NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR025008 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States |